flash-linux0.11-talk/Intel 手册中文版/卷一：基本架构.md

翻译前先阅读整体规则的 [README](https://github.com/sunym1993/flash-linux0.11-talk/blob/main/Intel%20%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%89%88/README.md) 哟~

# 目录

这里是目录，要有锚点链接。

[@翻译人：闪客sun](https://github.com/sunym1993/flash-linux0.11-talk)

本卷是讲述 Intel 64 和 IA-32 架构处理器体系结构和编程环境的一部分，其他卷分别是：

- [卷二：指令集参考](https://github.com/sunym1993/flash-linux0.11-talk/blob/main/Intel%20手册中文版/卷二：指令集参考.md)
- [卷三：系统编程指南](https://github.com/sunym1993/flash-linux0.11-talk/blob/main/Intel%20手册中文版/卷三：系统编程指南.md)
- [卷四：特殊模块寄存器（MSR）](https://github.com/sunym1993/flash-linux0.11-talk/blob/main/Intel%20手册中文版/卷四：特殊模块寄存器（MSR）.md)

卷一描述了处理器的基本架构和编程环境；卷二描述了处理器的指令集和操作码（opcode）结构；卷三描述了处理器的操作系统支持环境，主要针对操作系统和 BIOS 的设计；卷四描述了处理器的 MSR 寄存器。

## 1.1 支持的处理器型号

本手册包含了最新的 Intel 64 和 IA-32 处理器，如下：

```
- Pentium® processorsP6 family processors
- Pentium® 4 processors
- Pentium® M processors
- Intel® Xeon® processors
- Pentium® D processors
- Pentium® processor Extreme Editions
- 64-bit Intel® Xeon® processors
- Intel® Core™ Duo processor
- Intel® Core™ Solo processor
- Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor LV
- Intel® Core™2 Duo processor
- Intel® Core™2 Quad processor Q6000 series
- Intel® Xeon® processor 3000, 3200 series
- Intel® Xeon® processor 5000 series
- Intel® Xeon® processor 5100, 5300 series
- Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor X7000 and X6800 series
- Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor QX6000 series
- Intel® Xeon® processor 7100 series1-2Vol. 1ABOUT THIS MANUAL
- Intel® Pentium® Dual-Core processor
- Intel® Xeon® processor 7200, 7300 series
- Intel® Xeon® processor 5200, 5400, 7400 series
- Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor QX9000 and X9000 series
- Intel® Core™2 Quad processor Q9000 series
- Intel® Core™2 Duo processor E8000, T9000 series
- Intel® Atom™ processor family
- Intel® Atom™ processors 200, 300, D400, D500, D2000, N200, N400, N2000, E2000, Z500, Z600, Z2000, C1000 series are built from 45 nm and 32 nm processes
- Intel® Core™ i7 processor
- Intel® Core™ i5 processor
- Intel® Xeon® processor E7-8800/4800/2800 product families 
- Intel® Core™ i7-3930K processor
- 2nd generation Intel® Core™ i7-2xxx, Intel® Core™ i5-2xxx, Intel® Core™ i3-2xxx processor series
- Intel® Xeon® processor E3-1200 product family
- Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2400/1400 product family
- Intel® Xeon® processor E5-4600/2600/1600 product family
- 3rd generation Intel® Core™ processors
- Intel® Xeon® processor E3-1200 v2 product family
- Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2400/1400 v2 product families
- Intel® Xeon® processor E5-4600/2600/1600 v2 product families
- Intel® Xeon® processor E7-8800/4800/2800 v2 product families
- 4th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- The Intel® Core™ M processor family 
- Intel® Core™ i7-59xx Processor Extreme Edition
- Intel® Core™ i7-49xx Processor Extreme Edition
- Intel® Xeon® processor E3-1200 v3 product family
- Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600/1600 v3 product families
- 5th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- Intel® Xeon® processor D-1500 product family
- Intel® Xeon® processor E5 v4 family
- Intel® Atom™ processor X7-Z8000 and X5-Z8000 series
- Intel® Atom™ processor Z3400 series
- Intel® Atom™ processor Z3500 series
- 6th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- Intel® Xeon® processor E3-1500m v5 product family
- 7th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- Intel® Xeon Phi™ Processor 3200, 5200, 7200 Series 
- Intel® Xeon® Processor Scalable Family 
- 8th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- Intel® Xeon Phi™ Processor 7215, 7285, 7295 Series
- Intel® Xeon® E processors
- 9th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- 2nd generation Intel® Xeon® Processor Scalable Family Vol. 11-3ABOUT THIS MANUAL
- 10th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- 11th generation Intel® Core™ processors
- 3rd generation Intel® Xeon® Processor Scalable Family
```
## 1.2 概览

## 1.3

### 1.3.1 位和字节序

@翻译人：hdszylcd19

在内存中的数据结构图示中，较小的内存地址显示在图的底部；从下往上增加到顶部。Bit positions 从右到左编号。该 Bit 位的值等于 2 的 positions 次方（译者注：原文的表述有点儿晦涩，不好理解。其中，position 从 0 开始，说人话就是，二进制位上 1 所表示的数值，从右往左依次为：2 的 0 次方、2 的 1 次方...）。

Intel 和 IA-32 处理器都是采用“little endian（小端）”方式存储数据；这意味着 word 的字节序是从最低有效字节开始编号（译者注：关于“大端”和“小端”问题，请查看 [大端（Big-Endian）和小端（Little-Endian）](https://juejin.cn/post/6930889701507203085/#comment)）。请看图1-1。

# 第二章 Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures

# 第三章 Basic Execution Environment

## 3.4 BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION REGISTERS

### 3.4.2 Segment Register

@翻译人：墨

# 第四章 Data Types

# 第五章 Instruction Set Summary

# 第六章 Procedure Calls, Interrupts, and Exceptions

# 第七章 Programming With General-Purpose Instructions

# 第八章 ~ 第十八章

二期再译

# 第十九章 Input/Output

# 第二十章 Processor Identification and Feature Determination

# 附录 A ~ 附录 D

二期再译